Newborn calves weigh about 45 kg (100 pounds) at birth. Males are not involved in raising the calf, and some unrelated males might kill calves because they may see them as competition or they have a desire to mate with the mother. They give birth to a single calf after the gestation period that lasts around 16 months. Little is known about Southern White Rhinoceros mating habits, but females reproduce every 2–3 years. Southern white rhinos are strictly herbivores (graminivores) that feed on short grasses. The southern white rhino has a distinctive flat, broad mouth that is used for grazing. Most of its body hair is found on the ear fringes and tail bristles, with the rest distributed sparsely over the rest of the body. The colour of this animal can range from yellowish brown to slate grey. The southern white rhinoceros also has a prominent muscular hump that supports its large head. Females usually have longer but thinner horns than the males, who have larger but shorter ones. The front horn is larger than the other horn and averages 60 cm (24 in) in length and can reach 150 cm (59 in). It has an immense body and large head, a short neck and broad chest. The southern white rhinoceros is one of largest and heaviest land animals in the world. Physical descriptions Ī southern white rhino mother with calf in Namibia. Distinct morphological and genetic differences suggest the two proposed species have been separated for at least a million years. However, it is now considered part of the southern white rhinoceros.įollowing the phylogenetic species concept, research in 2010 suggested the southern and northern white rhinoceros may be different species, rather than subspecies, in which case the correct scientific name for the northern subspecies is Ceratotherium cottoni and the southern subspecies should be known as simply Ceratotherium simum. However, these are considered synonyms of its original scientific name.Ĭeratotherium simum kiaboaba (or Rhinoceros kiaboaba), also known as straight-horned rhinoceros, was proposed as a different subspecies (or species) found near Lake Ngami and north of the Kalahari desert. The subspecies is also known as Burchell's rhinoceros ( Ceratotherium simum burchellii) after Burchell and Oswell's rhinoceros ( Ceratotherium simum oswellii) after William Cotton Oswell, respectively. The southern white rhinoceros is the nominate subspecies it was given the scientific name Ceratotherium simum simum by the English explorer William John Burchell in the 1810s. It is the most common and widespread subspecies of rhinoceros. The southern white rhinoceros or southern white rhino ( Ceratotherium simum simum) is one of the two subspecies of the white rhinoceros (the other being the much rarer northern white rhinoceros). Ceratotherium simum kiaboaba (Murray, 1866).Ceratotherium simum oswellii (Elliot, 1847).Ceratotherium simum burchellii (Desmarest, 1822).It is likely that any improvement in health is due to the placebo effect (because of strong traditional beliefs), rather than to any real curative properties.Presence uncertain & assisted colonisation.Competition for land (leading to habitat destruction) by increasing populace.Poverty due to exponential population growth, hyperinflation, and corruption.Also a strong market in countries with immigrants from these places (e.g., the Chinese living in the US).Horns, dagger handles: Yemen (carved dagger handle is status symbol).All rhino products: mostly China and Taiwan, but also Burma, Thailand, and Nepal.Asian ("fire") horns thought by some to be more potent than African ("water") horns resulting in more hunting pressure for Asian species.Horns are essentially the same chemical structure as hair composed of keratin.An aphrodisiac: contrary to popular thought, rarely used this way mostly by the Gujaratis in India.Purported to help fevers, headaches, toxins, typhoid, jaundice, rashes, vomiting or excreting blood, to keep evil away, etc.rhinos revisit resting and watering spots Sedentary nature, and regular activity patterns also make it easier for poachers to find them.In recent times, rhinos have learned some avoidance tactics.Prior to human encroachment, rhinos did not suffer from predation pressure and therefore, did not evolve behavior or sensory capability to avoid predators.Poor eyesight enables poachers to easily target rhinos, as long as they are down wind.
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